In the meantime (winter 333–332) the Persians had counterattacked by land in Asia Minor—where they were defeated by Antigonus, the satrap of Greater Phrygia—and by sea, recapturing a number of cities and islands. For us, parentage is paramount. He married Aspasia Manos (1896-1972) 4 November 1919. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-king-of-Greece, First World War - Biography of Alexander, King of Greece, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Alexander, King of Greece, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Alexander, King of Greece. Alexander the Great may be considered (ancient) Macedonian or Greek or both, depending. In Caria, Halicarnassus resisted and was stormed, but Ada, the widow and sister of the satrap Idrieus, adopted Alexander as her son and, after expelling her brother Pixodarus, Alexander restored her to her satrapy. Alexander now occupied Babylon, city and province; Mazaeus, who surrendered it, was confirmed as satrap in conjunction with a Macedonian troop commander, and quite exceptionally was granted the right to coin. Darius’s Greek mercenaries were largely massacred, but 2,000 survivors were sent back to Macedonia in chains. He had grown up to the idea. He died from a monkey bite. Alexander spread Greek culture throughout the Persian Empire, including parts of Asia and Africa. From age 13 to 16 he was taught by Aristotle, who inspired him with an interest in philosophy, medicine, and scientific investigation, but he was later to advance beyond his teacher’s narrow precept that non-Greeks should be treated as slaves. When the Thebans refused to surrender, he made an entry and razed their city to the ground, sparing only temples and Pindar’s house; 6,000 were killed and all survivors sold into slavery. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. At Gordium in Phrygia, tradition records his cutting of the Gordian knot, which could only be loosed by the man who was to rule Asia; but this story may be apocryphal or at least distorted. In the For us, parentage is paramount. Even Callisthenes, historian and nephew of Aristotle, whose ostentatious flattery had perhaps encouraged Alexander to see himself in the role of a god, refused to abase himself. As in Egypt, the local priesthood was encouraged. Alexander vs. the Greeks. If Plutarch’s figure of 120,000 men has any reality, however, it must include all kinds of auxiliary services, together with muleteers, camel drivers, medical corps, peddlers, entertainers, women, and children; the fighting strength perhaps stood at about 35,000. Alexander the Great was born in July 365 BCE in Pella, the capital of Ancient Macedonia, which now sits within modern Greece. The second son of King Constantine I, Alexander was born in the summer palace of Tatoi, on the outskirts of Athens. WikiMatrix. In September Alexander too set out along the coast through Gedrosia (modern Baluchistan), but he was soon compelled by mountainous country to turn inland, thus failing in his project to establish food depots for the fleet. Returning to Macedonia by way of Delphi (where the Pythian priestess acclaimed him “invincible”), he advanced into Thrace in spring 335 and, after forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, crossed the Danube to disperse the Getae; turning west, he then defeated and shattered a coalition of Illyrians who had invaded Macedonia. His parents were Philip II of Macedon and his wife Olympias. From Maracanda (modern Samarkand) Alexander advanced by way of Cyropolis to the Jaxartes (modern Syrdarya), the boundary of the Persian empire. Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia, (born 356 bce, Pella, Macedonia [northwest of Thessaloníki, Greece]—died June 13, 323 bce, Babylon [near Al-Ḥillah, Iraq]), king of Macedonia (336–323 bce), who overthrew the Persian empire, carried Macedonian arms to India, and laid the foundations for the Hellenistic world of territorial kingdoms. Half the army with the baggage under Hephaestion and Perdiccas, both cavalry commanders, was sent through the Khyber Pass, while he himself led the rest, together with his siege train, through the hills to the north. Alexander the Great leading his forces against the retreating Persian army led by Darius III at the Battle of Issus in 333. His troops were extremely loyal, believing in him throughout all hardships. The fall in the level of the sea was interpreted as a mark of divine favour by Alexander’s flatterers, including the historian Callisthenes. Suddenly, in Babylon, while busy with plans to improve the irrigation of the Euphrates and to settle the coast of the Persian Gulf, Alexander was taken ill after a prolonged banquet and drinking bout; 10 days later, on June 13, 323, he died in his 33rd year; he had reigned for 12 years and eight months. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A year later Philip divorced Olympias, and, after a quarrel at a feast held to celebrate his father’s new marriage, Alexander and his mother fled to Epirus, and Alexander later went to Illyria. Beliebtes und gut geführtes Hotel mit einem 5 stockigen Haupthaus mit völlig renovierte Zimmer und Bungalows. He also dispatched Heracleides, an officer, to explore the Hyrcanian (i.e., Caspian) Sea. The second son of King Constantine I Alexander was born in the summer palace of Tatoi on the outskirts of Athens. From Issus Alexander marched south into Syria and Phoenicia, his object being to isolate the Persian fleet from its bases and so to destroy it as an effective fighting force. Both in Egypt and elsewhere in the Greek cities he received divine honours. King Alexander of Greece and General Paraskevopoulos in Bandirma.jpg 1,342 × 956; 310 KB. At this point Alexander benefitted from the sudden death of Memnon, the competent Greek commander of the Persian fleet. But the cities remained de facto under Alexander, and his appointment of Calas as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia reflected his claim to succeed the Great King of Persia. Alexander; King of the Hellenes; Reign: 11 June 1917 – 25 October 1920: Predecessor: Constantine I: Successor: Constantine I: Prime Ministers: See list . He planned to lead part of his forces back by land, while the rest in perhaps 100 to 150 ships under the command of Nearchus, a Cretan with naval experience, made a voyage of exploration along the Persian Gulf. He found that his treasurer, Harpalus, evidently fearing punishment for peculation, had absconded with 6,000 mercenaries and 5,000 talents to Greece; arrested in Athens, he escaped and later was murdered in Crete. Alexander himself embraced local customs, wearing Persian clothes and marrying Persian women. From age 13 to 16 he was taught by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who inspired his interest in philosophy, medicine, and scientific investigation. Recrossing the Hindu Kush, probably by Bamiyan and the Ghorband Valley, Alexander divided his forces. Alexander sent his body for burial with due honours in the royal tombs at Persepolis. Shortly afterward, at Bactra, he attempted to impose the Persian court ceremonial, involving prostration (proskynesis), on the Greeks and Macedonians too, but to them this custom, habitual for Persians entering the king’s presence, implied an act of worship and was intolerable before a human. He at once executed the princes of Lyncestis, alleged to be behind Philip’s murder, along with all possible rivals and the whole of the faction opposed to him. But he was anxious to press on farther, and he had advanced to the Hyphasis when his army mutinied, refusing to go farther in the tropical rain; they were weary in body and spirit, and Coenus, one of Alexander’s four chief marshals, acted as their spokesman. Alexander Of Greece. Two years later he commanded the left wing at the Battle of Chaeronea, in which Philip defeated the allied Greek states, and displayed personal courage in breaking the Sacred Band of Thebes, an elite military corps composed of 150 pairs of lovers. An emotional scene of reconciliation was followed by a vast banquet with 9,000 guests to celebrate the ending of the misunderstanding and the partnership in government of Macedonians and Persians—but not, as has been argued, the incorporation of all the subject peoples as partners in the commonwealth. It was probably in connection with a general order now sent out to the Greeks to honour Hephaestion as a hero that Alexander linked the demand that he himself should be accorded divine honours. During his youth, Alexander showed great observational powers when he tamed the wild horse Bucephalus. “I would accept,” Parmenio is reported to have said, “were I Alexander”; “I too,” was the famous retort, “were I Parmenio.” The storming of Tyre in July 332 was Alexander’s greatest military achievement; it was attended with great carnage and the sale of the women and children into slavery. He founded two cities there, Alexandria Nicaea (to celebrate his victory) and Bucephala (named after his horse Bucephalus, which died there); and Porus became his ally. Alexander of Greece fordítása a angol - magyar szótárban, a Glosbe ingyenes online szótárcsaládjában. King Alexander of Greece.jpg 263 × 347; 31 KB. Parmenio was also left behind in Media to control communications; the presence of this older man had perhaps become irksome. Turning, Alexander found Darius drawn up along the Pinarus River. Intelligence on both sides was faulty, and Alexander was already encamped by Myriandrus (near modern İskenderun, Turkey) when he learned that Darius was astride his line of communications at Issus, north of Alexander’s position (autumn 333). King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima of the Netherlands. In 326, when his beloved horse died, he renamed a city in India/Pakistan, on the banks of the Hydaspes (Jhelum) river, for Bucephalus. Mountains historically restricted internal communications, but the sea opened up wider horizons. In autumn 324 Hephaestion died in Ecbatana, and Alexander indulged in extravagant mourning for his closest friend; he was given a royal funeral in Babylon with a pyre costing 10,000 talents. His determination to incorporate Persians on equal terms in the army and the administration of the provinces was bitterly resented. He now seems to have become convinced of the reality of his own divinity and to have required its acceptance by others. He founded the city of Alexandria near the western arm of the Nile on a fine site between the sea and Lake Mareotis, protected by the island of Pharos, and had it laid out by the Rhodian architect Deinocrates. Alexandros Zaimis Eleftherios Venizelos; Born 1 August 1893 Tatoi Palace, Greece: Died: 25 October 1920 (aged 27) Athens, Greece: Burial: 29 October 1920. In Aria he reduced Satibarzanes, who had offered submission only to revolt, and he founded Alexandria of the Arians (modern Herāt). The following spring at Babylon he received complimentary embassies from the Libyans and from the Bruttians, Etruscans, and Lucanians of Italy; but the story that embassies also came from more distant peoples, such as Carthaginians, Celts, Iberians, and even Romans, is a later invention. Today marks the Centenary of the Death of King Alexander of Greece, who died on this day in 1920! In the 5th century Athens , this issue was important enough for a law determining that no longer was one parent (the father) enough: both parents had to be from Athens for their child to bear Athenian citizenship. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through western Asiaand northeast Africa, and b… In summer 324 Alexander attempted to solve another problem, that of the wandering mercenaries, of whom there were thousands in Asia and Greece, many of them political exiles from their own cities. 00:00:00 Introduction : Alexander of Greece 00:01:58 Part 1: Early life 00:03:52 Part 2: Military career 00:05:03 Chapter 1: Courtship of Aspasia Manos 00:06:19 Chapter 2: World War I … Alexander of Greece. In the battle that followed, Alexander won a decisive victory. Before continuing his pursuit of Darius, who had retreated into Bactria, he assembled all the Persian treasure and entrusted it to Harpalus, who was to hold it at Ecbatana as chief treasurer. How much Alexander knew of India beyond the Hyphasis (probably the modern Beas) is uncertain; there is no conclusive proof that he had heard of the Ganges. The Thessalians and Greek allies were sent home; henceforward he was waging a purely personal war. At Phrada in Drangiana (either near modern Nad-e ʿAli in Seistan or farther north at Farah), he at last took steps to destroy Parmenio and his family. Shortly afterward, father and son were reconciled and Alexander returned, but his position as heir was jeopardized. Hugely ambitious, Alexander drew inspiration from the gods Achilles, Heracles, and Dionysus. After Alexander's father Philip was assassinated by the captain of his own bodyguards in 336 BC, Alexander assumed the leadership of Macedonia at the age of 20. One of the world’s greatest military generals, he created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India. Introduction Alexander, The Great was son of king called Philip II of Macedonia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Greece, the southernmost of the countries of the Balkan Peninsula. Crossing the Oxus, he sent his general Ptolemy in pursuit of Bessus, who had meanwhile been overthrown by the Sogdian Spitamenes. In 14 days Alexander marched 240 miles from Pelion (near modern Korçë, Albania) in Illyria to Thebes. Some parts of Caria held out, however, until 332. The people welcomed him as their deliverer, and the Persian satrap Mazaces wisely surrendered. At the peak of his power, the Hellenistic Empire was the most powerful in the world, and Alexander the Great … Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The event marked a step in Alexander’s progress toward Eastern absolutism, and this growing attitude found its outward expression in his use of Persian royal dress. His vast empire stretched east into India. Like some of the children Alexander was tutored as a child so that he can learn mathematics, reading, writing and he also learned how to play the lyre (is a string instrument know for the Greek classical). Alexander respected the local cultures he conquered, and allowed their customs to continue. His advance eastward was now rapid. Both kings were murdered, Arrhidaeus in 317 and Alexander in 310/309. Meanwhile, a rumour of his death had precipitated a revolt of Theban democrats; other Greek states favoured Thebes, and the Athenians, urged on by Demosthenes, voted help. Bessus was captured, flogged, and sent to Bactra, where he was later mutilated after the Persian manner (losing his nose and ears); in due course he was publicly executed at Ecbatana. Alexander of Greece Net Worth, Age, Height, Weight, Body Measurements, Dating, Marriage, Relationship Stats, Family, Career, Wiki.Scroll below and check our most recent updates about about Alexander of Greece's Biography, Salary, Estimated Net worth, Expenses, Income Reports & Financial Breakdown 2020! The second son of Constantine I, Alexander, was born in the summer palace Tatoi, located in a suburb of Athens. Shortly afterward, however, Callisthenes was held to be privy to a conspiracy among the royal pages and was executed (or died in prison; accounts vary); resentment of this action alienated sympathy from Alexander within the Peripatetic school of philosophers, with which Callisthenes had close connections. The cities perforce complied, but often ironically: the Spartan decree read, “Since Alexander wishes to be a god, let him be a god.”. The Companion cavalry was reorganized in two sections, each containing four squadrons (now known as hipparchies); one group was commanded by Alexander’s oldest friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man. After a skirmish near modern Shāhrūd, the usurper had Darius stabbed and left him to die. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330–329 up the valley of the Helmand River, through Arachosia, and over the mountains past the site of modern Kābul into the country of the Paropamisadae, where he founded Alexandria by the Caucasus.
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