how did hellenistic culture spread

Though victorious, he was forced to retreat due to heavy losses, hence the term "Pyrrhic victory". Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. Cappadocia, a mountainous region situated between Pontus and the Taurus mountains, was ruled by a Persian dynasty. These colonies spread Greek culture widely--into Egypt and India. Antiochus III ("the Great") conducted several vigorous campaigns to retake all the lost provinces of the empire since the death of Seleucus I. Some coins describe the Armenian kings as "Philhellenes". The Greek king Alexander of Macedon (356 to 323 B.C.) is best known as Alexander the Great -- and with good reason. Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188 BC. with other people where him and his men went. Alexandria also had a museum that brought people to study and do research. The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. How was Hellenistic culture created and spread? [109] Seleucia replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris. Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II, likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I. In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship, the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized. His son Demetrius II soon died in 229 BC, leaving a child (Philip V) as king, with the general Antigonus Doson as regent. Rome now demanded that the Achaean League, the last stronghold of Greek independence, be dissolved. How was Hellenistic culture created and spread. Armies of the Hellenistic period differed from those of the classical period in being largely made up of professional soldiers and also in their greater specialization and technical proficiency in siege warfare. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from 4.4 to 78 kg (9.7 to 172.0 lb). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. [29] The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league. Seleucus received Indian war elephants from the Mauryan empire, and used them to good effect at the battle of Ipsus. The philosophical schools of Aristotle (the Peripatetics of the Lyceum) and Plato (Platonism at the Academy) also remained influential. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt though Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt throughout the Roman and Byzantine periods until the Muslim conquest. After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (305–304 BC), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory. It included a diverse population estimated at fifty to sixty million people. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India. They also initiated an active exportation of Greek culture. [23] Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia Minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BC at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. The concept of Hellenization, meaning the adoption of Greek culture in non-Greek regions, has long been controversial. Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's child by Roxana. Ptolemy invaded Syria and defeated Antigonus' son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia, and the eastern satrapies. The popular philosopher Epicurus promoted a view of disinterested gods living far away from the human realm in metakosmia. Some of gold and silver with openwork designs of stylised birds have a similar distribution to the Mramorac bracelets and may also have been produced under Greek influence.". Most of the writings showed little originality or depth of thought. It was founded by Mithridates I in 291 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. [52] Promotion of immigration from Greece was important in the establishment of this system.

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