Coffee scale is a major agricultural pest in coffee crops. If you do this whenever you first notice them, and follow up with soap or horticultural oil, you likely will not have major outbreaks. Carefully read and follow all instructions on the product packaging for best results. While some male scale pests do have wings, they are vestigial at best. Over the space of 1-3 weeks, these scale eggs hatch into a form that’s called a crawler. Dinotefuran (Green Light Tree and Shrub Insect Control with Safari 2G, Safari) controls most types of scales. Scale insect is difficult to spot, so look out for the symptoms of an attack i.e. Leaves turn yellow and may drop from the plant. Most scale insects are very small, usually ranging in size from 1/16 to 1/8 inch long. Soft scale insects; Wax scale insects; Many scale insects have effective natural enemies, some of which are commercially available. Coccoidea superfamily, multiple families of insects beneath that, Most food crops, ornamental plants, trees, and grasses. Aug 27, 2019 - Explore Aleen Foster's board "Scale insects" on Pinterest. Scale insects are invasive and will infest other plants, so move infested plants away from healthy ones. Honeydew, the sticky, sweet secretion that soft scales exude, is a favorite food of some species of ants. GUANGZHOU Insecticide Pest Control Powder Aphids Flying Scale Insects Whitefly Leafhopper Cockroach Killer Repellent Killing Bait Insecticide Bait. University of California Integrated Pest Management, Marie Iannotti is an author, photographer, and speaker with 27 years of experience as a Cornell Cooperative Extension Horticulture Educator and Master Gardener. Q: If I scrape off scale, will it get back on my plant? Ew, scale insects! You will need to be extremely diligent about controlling or removing scale when it infests indoor plants. Soft scales secrete large amounts of honeydew, which can cause the growth of sooty mold. Some species of birds will peck off adult armored scales, but they’re less likely to stick around than beneficial insects are. Get it Wednesday, Jun 24. What is cushion scale? Those ants will protect the source of their honeydew. The shell also makes it difficult to use a pesticide because it has trouble reaching the insect inside. Pesticides simply cannot penetrate the waxy coverings. There are various types of scale insects and they are difficult to control in a single application of insecticide. Damages to leaves, stalks and branches cause stunt growth, defoliation and dieback. Bonide All-Seasons Horticultural and Dormant Oil. However, the variety of plants is extremely wide. Some forms produce honeydew, a sticky secretion that draws ants or fungal diseases to the plant. Successful management of these pests depend on helping these natural enemies thrive, while making it difficult for scale insects to grow and reproduce. euonymus scales which prefer a specific type of evergreen tree but will as easily attack holly, ivy, and other evergreen plants, and those will be found around those plants. To get rid of scale insects from your plants, rub their stems with an old toothbrush or a cotton swab dipped in Isopropyl alcohol, which will kill any insects on them. Natural control of scale insects. Some of these products are … By using The Spruce, you accept our. This is particularly useful in smaller infestations. Other species of wax scales include tree dwellers like the cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) or the calico scale (Eulecanium cerasorum). There are more than 20 families of scale insects world-wide including hard or armoured scales (family Diaspididae), soft scale (family Coccidae), ground pearls or margarodid scales (family Margarodidae), mealybugs (family Pseudococcidae), felt scales (Eriococcidae) and other smaller groups, e.g. Hard scale (for example red citrus scale) has an oyster like coating and is difficult to control. 4.5 out of 5 stars 337. Spraying with horticultural oil is effective in late spring just before the leaves unfurl. Sapsuckers and other related scales are at risk from birds and beneficial predators like ladybugs. Encourage predators in the garden, some ladybirds, parasitoid wasps and some birds will eat scale insects; The nematode Steinernema feltiae can be purchased to as a biological control of soft scale/ hemispherical and is available from some Biological control suppliers ; Pesticide control. Scale in large numbers cause leaf yellowing, leaf drop and dieback of twigs and limbs Their waste products are a sweet honeydew that ants and wasps will feed on readily. You can find a fascinating description of the process through the Ask A Biologist page of Arizona State University at this website. Also known as armoured scale. Because there is such a vast number of different scale insect species, there is a good chance you will encounter them in your garden or on your houseplants at some point. Read our, The Spruce uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. 38 £9.00 £9.00. Oil sprays can be an effective tool as a soft option for helping reduce scale insect … Underglass, scale is very particular to all types of citrus. The alcohol alone should kill the scale, but the dead insects will remain on your plants and make it difficult for you to scout for new infestations. This sounds a bit strange, but sometimes you can control scale by washing the leaves or stems/branches with no more than water and your hands. However, do not spray in the middle of the day or in strong sunlight or high temperature as this can cause burning of the plant. Types of scale on citrus plants in the soft scale group are Caribbean Black Scale and Cottony Cushion Scale. Where this isn’t feasible, or practical, then you can control them by spraying affected plants with an insecticide. https://homyden.com/scale-insect-control-identify-prevent-get-rid-scale-insects Cover all plant surfaces with the oil in an even layer, and all life phases of scales will suffocate. There is some correlation between the type of scale and its favored plant, but it’s not universal. Insecticide applications may be warranted when natural enemies and mechanical controls are not sufficient to prevent plant injury. While most people don’t realize that mealybugs are a form of scale, they are. Scale insect is a garden plant pest problem that can be difficult to control. Mealybugs, a widespread garden pest, are also part of the soft or unarmored scale family. How to protect your plants from Scale Insects Apply Yates Natures Way Organic Citrus, Vegie Ornamental Spray Ready to Use directly on to Scale Insects. Heavily infested plants produce little new growth. All scale insects feed on the sap or plant juices of their host plant. Safer ® Brand offers a variety of scale insect control products to help control and eliminate this garden pest and revive your plants. However, there is … Main symptoms Black sooty mould on the upper leaf surface in winter-spring; scale insects and white egg masses on the underside of leaves in spring and summer Most active All year round Jump to. Some varieties of male scale insects have wings, but they aren’t strong fliers. Scale insects are difficult to control because the waxy or cottony covering serves as a protective barrier to traditional contact insecticides. There are various types of scale insects and they are difficult to control in a single application of insecticide. However, the specifics of gender greatly vary amongst scale insects. Because adult scale insects are so firmly attached to their host plant and covered in their armor coating, they can be tricky to exterminate. Then, use a garden hose to wash away any loose insects. However, timing is everything and there is a very short window of opportunity. The scale insects also release a secretion into the plant’s circulation, further weakening the plant. Green Harvest provides detailed articles to help you develop an organic or least-toxic garden pest management strategy. Scale insects are very adept at protecting themselves at most stages of their life cycle. A: … sort of. Not all scale insects affect the growth of plants and so they do not necessarily require control On small plants sooty mould can be removed by wiping the foliage with a damp cloth Adult scales and egg masses can be removed when seen (spring and summer) but this may not reduce large populations Their waste products are a sweet honeydew that ants and wasps will feed on readily. The blackish mold is one of the most visible indicators of scale. Organic controls These include fatty acids (Natures Answer Natural Fungus and Bug Killer) or plant oils and extracts (Growing Success Fruit & Veg Bug Killer). Scale-damaged plants look withered and sickly. Scale insect control. Quick removal can prevent the scale from migrating to surrounding plants. But if this is not practical, then are several control methods that have proved effective against scale. Armored scales do not secrete honeydew, so mold growth is far less likely around them. Avoiding toxic pesticides and creating the right environment for beneficial insect to thrive are important to good scale management. Neem Oil Spray for Scale Insect Control on Houseplants. Scale insects in the garden can be combatted in a number of ways, the best of which involves prevention or removing infested plant material before the insects can spread. The sticky honeydew will also encourage moulds such as sooty mould. I created Epic Gardening to help teach 10,000,000 people how to grow anything, no matter where they live in the world. Use neem oil on light infestations to reduce feeding and repel new scales. Damages to fruits cause blemishes, deformed and unmarketable. Whitish or yellowish patches on leaves, stems, or branches is a common sign. Almost 40% of the Clemson Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic sample submissions for home landscapes during 2012 and 2013 were scale insect pests, and of these, almost 90% of the species were the more difficult to control armored scales. Finally, ants farm soft scale insects. To get rid of scale insects prune and dispose of infested branches, twigs and leaves. If you opt to scrape scale from your leaves, stems, branches or trunks, be sure to follow up with a thorough spraying of horticultural oil. We’ll also cover where they’re most likely to be found, and some information about their preferred plants. These scales tend to be harder to spot on plants, and can be hard to treat. Avoiding toxic pesticides and creating the right environment for beneficial insect to thrive are important to good scale management. Simple home remedy for controlling scale insects using baby oil and water, used for houseplants, orchids and garden. Here they attach themselves permanently to the plant and shed their six legs. The small facial sponges, found in the cosmetic aisle, are abrasive, yet soft enough to use without scraping the plant stems. Scale Insect Control; Scale insects suck sap from some trees and ornamental plants, forming an unsightly crust on branches, stalks and leaves, extracting nutrients from the plant and leaving it more susceptible to disease and other environmental stresses. You must direct your spray to these areas to obtain good control. Home » Scale Insects: Treatment, Prevention, and Control. Coconut scale insect pests are common in coconuts as its name suggests but in severe infestation could spread to perennial fruit trees. Scale Insects: How to Kill, Control, and Prevent These Pests Males, in the species where they occur, have legs and sometimes wings, and resem… The sticky surface will catch ants and prevent them from getting into the tree to protect other pests. Many are hermaphroditic, and those which do have gender may reproduce asexually as well as with fertilization. But there are species which attack a wide variety of bromeliads, flowering plants like roses, or even fruit and vegetable plants such as brassicas or beans. Regular spraying on the undersides of the leaves, so as to come into direct contact with the scale, will help bring scale insects under control. Scale Insect Control. NOTE: There are other different types of scale and some scale insects are host specific, such as rose scale, white palm scale, gum tree scale and tea scale (camellias). Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. The photo above shows a variety of this scale with some ants on it, harvesting the honeydew which the scales provide. Scale eggs are laid under the female’s body, so they are shielded by the protective outer coating of the mother insect. Scale insects hatch from eggs and the tiny “crawlers” move to tender plant parts when the weather warms in the spring. A little ring of diatomaceous earth will deter ants from coming near. These tan or brown shell, sap-eating insects like to live on the stems or the leaves of the plants in your home or your greenhouse. Quick scale insect facts. Leaves turn yellow and may drop from the plant. Let’s go over some options for each type of scale now! Bug Clear Ultra Gun 1Ltr. Neem oil is a godsend. Some species are hermaphroditic, with a combined ovotestis instead of separate ovaries and testes. If you catch the problem early enough, pruning out the infested stems could alleviate the problems. Be attentive to your plants and you won’t have to go to war with scale pests. Several well-known remedies can be used to eliminate scales from a houseplant. Both ladybugs and lacewings are natural enemies and find the scale larvae quite tasty. Scale-damaged plants look withered and sickly. Not only does the oil coat plants, but it naturally contains azdirachtin, which will slowly poison most soft scales and mealybugs. What are Scale Insects? Easy Ways to Eliminate Mealybugs From Indoor Plants, How to Get Rid of Scale on Euonymus Shrubs, How to Control Whitefly Problem on Houseplants, 7 Flower Garden Pests That Can Ruin Your Hard Work, How to Control Japanese Beetles in Your Lawn and Garden, Treating a Magnolia Tree With Ants and Sooty Mold, Learn to Identify and Eliminate Aphids on Your Indoor Plants, Organic Controls for Common Strawberry Pests. Often, scale insects occur when the lemon tree has spent the winter in the house or apartment. Learn tips for creating your most beautiful (and bountiful) garden ever. There are three chemical control strategie… During this “crawler stage” (many cases mid-May through July) the insects are vulnerable to insecticides and other biological enemies. Scale Insect Control. Thankfully, there is hope for controlling them. Sometimes hatched crawlers will be caught and blown to other plants by the wind, and at other times they will simply move to a different portion of the same plant. But mealybugs are somewhat larger than most scale insects, which makes them easier to identify as an insect rather than disease. However, the range of plants affected is extremely wide. Scale insects may be resistant to some pesticides (read the pesticide label to be sure), but they can’t live if they can’t breathe. Now that you know what the scale pest is capable of, let’s go over some ways of getting rid of them. It may be difficult to see the scale if they are covered by the mould. Scale is a difficult problem to combat, and you may need to employ all of these materials if infestations are frequent and widespread. However, they do reproduce quickly and can quickly become a problem. Most scales do not move once they’re adults, so adult females will lay eggs beneath her protective external coating. There are two main groups of scale insects, both of which spend most of their lives as immobile adults under a coating, sucking the sap from stalks, leaves and stems. Others look almost berry-like in their shape and coloration, such as the Armenian cochineal. Soft scales are usually on stems or leaves of ferns or other softer plant material. Regular spraying on the undersides of the leaves (so it comes into direct contact with the scale) will help bring scale insects under control. It may be difficult to see the scale if they are covered by the mould. Many armored scales are serious pests of ornamental shrubs, trees, groundcovers and turfgrasses in South Carolina. Remove existing scale on houseplants by rubbing gently with a facial-quality sponge or cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. While you're here, why not follow us on Facebook and YouTube? Scale bugs can be found indoors or outdoors. For scales on deciduous plants including edible fruits, a plant oil winter wash (considered organic e.g. All of these fall into the superfamily Coccoidea, but are subdivided from there into smaller family groups. Small colonies and individual scale insects can be controlled by simply wiping them off the plant with a damp cloth or sponge. Smother the scales. Horticultural oils, neem oil, AzaMax and other azdirachtin products, etc. Scale insects like mealybugs are among the most common parasites on indoor plants.. One excellent example of the Eriococcidae is the wooly beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga. What Are Some Harmful Garden Pests You Shouldn't Ignore? If inside plants are infested, you may be looking for a way to control scale insects on indoor plants. Over 2650 species of armored scale pests exist. Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Scale Eating Ladybird, also known as Rhyzobius lophanthae scientifically, is generally used to control Citrus Red Scale insects. On the other hand, in the case of soft scale insects, the length is usually ½ inch. Scale insect pests damage native trees and crops in Kenya, causing up to 91% crop losses, ... 1-Insect pest control in Egypt by chemical pesticides. The majority of adult scales are immobile and permanently attached to their desired host plant. If you see what appears to be a whitish coating on the underside of a plant leaf, you may have discovered a form of scale. Ground pearls are strange-looking large scale insects. Hard scale (for example Red Citrus Scale) has an oyster like coating and is difficult to control. Hi, I'm Kevin. Peat Pots: Biodegradable Planters For Your Garden. Listen to this post on the Epic Gardening Podcast, Subscribe to the Epic Gardening Podcast on iTunes. As always, test on a small area first, since some plants are more sensitive than others. The Spruce uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Sometimes, it is easier to simply throw out infested plants rather than take all the steps necessary to try and eradicate the scale. If you have a heavy infestation outdoors, prune away the stems with the most scales. These immature scales, called crawlers, will move away from their parent. Purdue University Extension, Scale Insects. Name – Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae Lifespan – up to a year (dormant in winter) Size – from 1/16 th to 1/4 th inch (1-5mm). Fill in a spray bottle, shake well, and liberally spray … Neem oil spray is an effective way to kill scale insects on plant To get rid of scale on plants, mix two teaspoons of organic neem oil and a teaspoon of Castile soap with a 1 quart (1 l) of lukewarm water. One of the most stubborn examples of an armored scale is the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. sticky lower leaves, sooty mould and yellowing of top leaves. Scale Insect Pests and Their Control. Keep a close eye for several weeks to make sure no new scale appear on the plant. It may be difficult to see the scale if they are covered by the mould. 10 Best Soil Test Kit Types: Which To Buy? They may also have sticky sap or a black fungus on the leaves and stems. Needless to say, these scales have an armor-like coating which they use to protect themselves from predators or insecticidal sprays. Here is more about our approach. They can be tricky to combat, because it depends on which type of scales you have. £8.38 £ 8. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the superfamily Coccoidea. Cottony cushion scale insects fix themselves to leaves and stems and suck sap. safe way to spray. Scale insect control. Scale insects typically adhere to the stems, branches, and sometimes the leaves of plants to feed on sap, and they have a shell-like bump appearance, which sometimes causes them to be mistaken for a fungal or bacterial disease. But the treatment of scale is much different than the treatment for plant diseases, so it is important to know the difference if you want to treat and correct the problem. Danger to plant – fatal if infested Prune any infested branches and destroy them. To get rid of scale on plants, mix two teaspoons of organic neem oil and a teaspoon of Castile soap with a 1 quart (1 l) of lukewarm water. If scale insects are not controlled, death of infested plants is possible. They are a bit more noticeable, but their exterior tends to protect them from some insecticidal measures. Different species of scale insects favor different plants. Scale insects are most often found on stems or the underside of leaves. A: What you scrape off will not climb back up, because once it’s attached to a leaf, the scale pest is fixed in place for the rest of its lifespan. 02. We're always looking to improve our articles to help you become an even better gardener. In 1914, the San Jose scale was the first documented scale pest to develop resistance to insecticides. Some species prefer fruiting trees like orange, olive, or lemon. You can also place diatomaceous earth around the base of softer-stemmed plants and dust it on all the plant surfaces. In calm conditions (such as inside a greenhouse), you might see a few wobbly flying pests around your plants, but they’re just as likely to be whiteflies. Mealybugs are common greenhouse scale pests. Cochenilles Ces petits insectes passent presque toute leur vie sous une carapace protectrice, ou bouclier, attachée à l'écorce des branches et des troncs d'arbre ainsi qu'aux aiguilles du pin et du genévrier. The adult scale insect is often like a dark brown limpet, which attaches itself to the stem and branches of plants. Widespread on prickly pear plants in the southwestern United States, these scales look like whitish deposits across the surface of the cactus pad. Scale Insect Pests and Their Control. What are Scale Insects? Female scale insects form a protective armour in the colour of the host plant, under which they lay their eggs (up to 2000 annually!). Many scale insects have effective natural enemies, some of which are commercially available. Most species of scale lose their larval legs as they mature, and they feed on the plant’s sap. Scale insects like mealybugs are among the most common parasites on indoor plants.. Almost 40% of the Clemson Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic sample submissions for home landscapes during 2012 and 2013 were scale insect pests, and of these, almost 90% of the species were the more difficult to control armored scales. It normally takes several treatments of suitable pesticide - insecticide. Regular applications of a horticultural oil such as Bonide All-Seasons Horticultural and Dormant Oil will help. In the case of hard scale insects, they have a hard and detachable shell that acts as their covering or armor. They’re not very strong fliers. Soft scale is covered with a protective waxy substance and is somewhat easier to kill than hard/armored scale. Armored scale secretes a hard shell over its body for protection from predators. These scales look more like lumps or bumps on twigs and branches, and can be mistaken for buds on the branch. In comparison, the soft scales have so far never been recorded as major pests of coconut. These insects secrete a waxy covering – that gives them their common name – to protect them from the environment and predators. Gardeners with scale insect problems may need to take measures to control them. Another major agricultural pest is the California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii. Scale insects can remain attached to the plant long after they are dead but new growth should be free of scales once they have been brought under control. Even better, it works against spider mites, aphids, leafhoppers, and other pests too! One of the primary ways gardeners realize they have an issue with scale is by the appearance of sooty mold on the plant. These scales flatten themselves against tree branches to feed. Gardeners with scale insect problems may need to take measures to control them. Adult females typically have soft bodies and no limbs, and are concealed underneath domed scales, extruding quantities of wax for protection. Fortunately, these pests are often kept under control by a wide range of natural enemies. 2. They become a danger because of the mouthparts they use to suck the plant dry. Danger to plant – fatal if infested The average length is 1/8 inch. Growing … Getting rid of scale on plants can be tough, but it’s not a death sentence for your houseplants! Scale insects are usually divided into two groups: soft scale, and hard or armored scale. You can use it on armored scales as well, but it will work like a horticultural oil in that usage. If they’re particularly stubborn, use an insecticidal soap such as Safer Soap to try to loosen the scale the day before, and then try again. Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. But they’re all sap-sucking invaders who can spread a wide variety of plant diseases, and nobody wants to discover them on their plants! Name – Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae Lifespan – up to a year (dormant in winter) Size – from 1/16 th to 1/4 th inch (1-5mm). Scale insects, scale pests, scales, mealybugs, etc. The sticky honeydew will also encourage moulds such as sooty mould. Scale almost always appears in clusters. If scale insects are not controlled, death of infested plants is possible. Instead, the wings are used to help guide the male if it’s caught and pulled from its plant in the wind. • Biological control of weeds Chinese Wax Shellac – furniture polish . Scale insects are difficult to control because the waxy or cottony covering serves as a protective barrier to traditional contact insecticides. At this point, the nymphs have legs and are actively crawling to find new spots to attach and feed. Scale insects appear to be designed to avoid exposure to insecticides. If you see clusters of tiny shell-like bumps on the stems or leaves of a plant, there is a good chance you are looking at a scale. To Get Rid of Scale Insects:. If not treated, your plants are at risk of numerous plant diseases or branch death. Scale insect is a garden plant pest problem that can be difficult to control. Coconut scale insect Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Dispididae) (CSI) is recorded in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and is present in nearly all countries where coconuts are grown. safe way to spray. Some scale live beneath bark and are not easily seen. Imidacloprid controls European elm scale and most soft scales but does not control cottony cushion scale and most armored scales. 4. Invite in beneficial insects that eat the crawler stage. These soft scales are even more difficult to control than the hard ones. Amazon's Choice for "scale insect control" Scotts Miracle-Gro Bug Clear Ultra for Flowering Plants 200 ml Liquid Concentrate Insecticide and Acaricide 4.6 out of 5 stars 263 Scale insects refer to a large group of insects within the super family Coccoidea. Whether flat against leaves or fruit, or lumpy bumps on branches or stems, this widespread superfamily of insects is well over 8000 species strong. Scale Insects on Shade Trees and Shrubs. The females and hermaphroditic scales don’t fly, and spreading of the pest is generally done when they’re in their larval crawler stage. There are two main groups of scale insects, both of which spend most of their lives as immobile adults under a coating, sucking the sap from stalks, leaves and stems. The dusting over the tops and bottoms of leaves and along the stems will deter scales from taking up residence. Different varieties of scale can be white, black, orange, or a color that blends in with the plant's coloring, making them even more difficult to detect. However, a pest management program that incorporates natural, mechanical, and/or chemical controls (as described below) should provide satisfactory control of most scales on most ornamental plants. The coccidae are a family that often secrete a waxy coating. It normally takes several treatments of suitable pesticide - insecticide. Finding scale inside generally means that you brought an infested plant indoors. Scale sounds and looks a lot like a plant disease, but the term actually refers to infestation by any one of more than 7,000 species of tiny sap-sucking insects. Scale insects produce a sugary honeydew when feeding on the plants, which attract fungal organisms that produce sooty mold in some scales, but not all. However, tiny little crawlers may still be on the plant. There are scales like euonymus scales which prefer a specific type of evergreen tree but will as easily attack holly, ivy, and other evergreen plants, and those will be found around those plants. See more ideas about scale insects, garden pests, garden pest control. Control measures are most effective during what is called the scale insect's "crawler stage"—the nymphs that appear soon after the eggs hatch. The most serious Coccoidea pest of coconut is the diaspidid, Aspidiotus destructor, whose outbreaks in several coconut growing countries have previously threatened their copra industry (Chua and Wood, 1990). While it was documented in the late 1800’s in San Jose, it originates from China. Heavily infested plants produce little new growth. They can cause damage to nut and fruit trees, forest or plantation trees, glasshouse plants, woody ornamentals, houseplants, and sometimes to sugarcane and even grass in lawns. Mealybugs tend to be the easiest to control, as they have no waxy coating nor hard protective covering to protect them. While its primary target is citrus trees, it also feeds on olives and other fruit, and can be found on some vegetables such as pumpkin. If scale insects are not controlled, death of infested plants is possible. FREE Delivery. Scale insects feed on many plants, but are often overlooked because they are immobile and many types look like small bumps that just might be plant parts blending in with the leaves, twigs and branches.
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